Can Easy Off Clean Cuisinart 5 In 1 Griddler Greasy Coils

The friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object moves across information technology - or makes an effort to motion beyond it.

The frictional force can exist expressed as

F_f = μ Due north                     (1)

where

F_f = frictional force (N, lb)

μ = static (μ_s) or kinetic (μ_k) frictional coefficient

N = normal force betwixt the surfaces (N, lb)

At that place are at least ii types of friction forces

• kinetic (sliding) friction force- when an object moves
• static friction force - when an object makes an effort to move

For an object pulled or pushed horizontally the normal force - N - is only the gravity force - or weight:

N = F_g

    = m a₁₀₀₀                         (2)

where

F_g = gravity force - or weight (N, lb)

grand = mass of object (kg, slugs)

a_{one thousand}  = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s^two, 32 ft/due south²)

The friction forcefulness due to gravity (1) can with (ii) be modified to

F_f = μ ma_g                       (3)

Friction Force Calculator

m - mass (kg, slugs)

a_m - acceleration og gravity (9.81 g/sⁱⁱ, 32 ft/s²)

μ - friction coefficient

• Friction forces on inclined planes
• Weight vs mass - the difference

Friction Coefficients for some Mutual Materials and Materials Combinations

Materials and Material Combinations		Surface Conditions	Frictional Coefficient
			Static - μstatic -	Kinetic (sliding) - μsliding -
Aluminum	Aluminum	Clean and Dry	i.05 - 1.35	1.4
Aluminum	Aluminum	Lubricated and Greasy	0.3
Aluminum-bronze	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.45
Aluminum	Mild Steel	Clean and Dry	0.61	0.47
Aluminum	Snow	Wet 0oC	0.4
Aluminum	Snowfall	Dry 0oC	0.35
Brake textileii)	Cast iron	Make clean and Dry	0.iv
Brake fabric2)	Cast atomic number 26 (wet)	Clean and Dry	0.2
Brass	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.51	0.44
Brass	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.19
Brass	Steel	Castor oil	0.11
Brass	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry		0.3
Brass	Ice	Clean 0oC		0.02
Brass	Ice	Make clean -80oC		0.15
Brick	Woods	Clean and Dry	0.6
Bronze	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.16
Bronze	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry		0.22
Bronze - sintered	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.13
Cadmium	Cadmium	Clean and Dry	0.v
Cadmium	Cadmium	Lubricated and Greasy	0.05
Cadmium	Chromium	Make clean and Dry out	0.41
Cadmium	Chromium	Lubricated and Greasy	0.34
Cadmium	Mild Steel	Clean and Dry		0.46
Bandage Iron	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry	one.1	0.15
Cast Iron	Cast Atomic number 26	Clean and Dry		0.15
Bandage Iron	Bandage Iron	Lubricated and Greasy		0.07
Cast Iron	Oak	Clean and Dry out		0.49
Bandage Iron	Oak	Lubricated and Greasy		0.075
Cast iron	Mild Steel	Clean and Dry out	0.4
Cast atomic number 26	Mild Steel	Clean and Dry out		0.23
Cast iron	Mild Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.21	0.133
Car tire	Asphalt	Make clean and Dry out	0.72
Car tire	Grass	Clean and Dry	0.35
Carbon (hard)	Carbon	Make clean and Dry	0.16
Carbon (hard)	Carbon	Lubricated and Greasy	0.12 - 0.xiv
Carbon	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.xiv
Carbon	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.eleven - 0.14
Chromium	Chromium	Make clean and Dry out	0.41
Chromium	Chromium	Lubricated and Greasy	0.34
Copper-Atomic number 82 alloy	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.22
Copper	Copper	Clean and Dry	1.6
Copper	Copper	Lubricated and Greasy	0.08
Copper	Cast Iron	Make clean and Dry	1.05	0.29
Copper	Mild Steel	Clean and Dry out	0.53	0.36
Copper	Balmy Steel	Lubricated and Greasy		0.xviii
Copper	Mild Steel	Oleic acid		0.18
Copper	Glass	Clean and Dry	0.68	0.53
Cotton	Cotton	Threads	0.iii
Diamond	Diamond	Make clean and Dry	0.one
Diamond	Diamond	Lubricated and Greasy	0.05 - 0.one
Diamond	Metals	Clean and Dry	0.1 - 0.xv
Diamond	Metal	Lubricated and Greasy	0.1
Garnet	Steel	Clean and Dry out		0.39
Glass	Drinking glass	Clean and Dry	0.9 - 1.0	0.4
Drinking glass	Glass	Lubricated and Greasy	0.one - 0.6	0.09 - 0.12
Glass	Metal	Make clean and Dry out	0.5 - 0.7
Glass	Metallic	Lubricated and Greasy	0.2 - 0.3
Glass	Nickel	Clean and Dry	0.78
Glass	Nickel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.56
Graphite	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.1
Graphite	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.i
Graphite	Graphite (in vacuum)	Clean and Dry	0.5 - 0.eight
Graphite	Graphite	Clean and Dry out	0.1
Graphite	Graphite	Lubricated and Greasy	0.1
Hemp rope	Timber	Make clean and Dry	0.5
Horseshoe	Prophylactic	Clean and Dry	0.68
Horseshoe	Concrete	Clean and Dry	0.58
Ice	Water ice	Make clean 0oC	0.i	0.02
Ice	Ice	Clean -12oC	0.3	0.035
Water ice	Water ice	Make clean -80oC	0.five	0.09
Water ice	Wood	Clean and Dry out	0.05
Ice	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.03
Fe	Iron	Make clean and Dry	1.0
Iron	Iron	Lubricated and Greasy	0.15 - 0.20
Lead	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry		0.43
Leather	Oak	Parallel to grain	0.61	0.52
Leather	Metallic	Make clean and Dry	0.4
Leather	Metallic	Lubricated and Greasy	0.2
Leather	Wood	Clean and Dry	0.3 - 0.iv
Leather	Clean Metal	Clean and Dry	0.6
Leather	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry	0.6	0.56
Leather cobweb	Cast fe	Clean and Dry	0.31
Leather fiber	Aluminum	Clean and Dry	0.xxx
Magnesium	Magnesium	Clean and Dry	0.6
Magnesium	Magnesium	Lubricated and Greasy	0.08
Magnesium	Steel	Make clean and Dry out		0.42
Magnesium	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry		0.25
Masonry	Brick	Clean and Dry out	0.6 - 0.7
Mica	Mica	Freshly broken	1.0
Nickel	Nickel	Clean and Dry	0.seven - 1.ane	0.53
Nickel	Nickel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.28	0.12
Nickel	Balmy Steel	Make clean and Dry		0.64
Nickel	Mild Steel	Lubricated and Greasy		0.178
Nylon	Nylon	Make clean and Dry	0.xv - 0.25
Nylon	Steel	Clean and Dry out	0.4
Nylon	Snow	Wet 0oC	0.four
Nylon	Snow	Dry -xoC	0.iii
Oak	Oak (parallel grain)	Clean and Dry	0.62	0.48
Oak	Oak (cross grain)	Clean and Dry out	0.54	0.32
Oak	Oak (cross grain)	Lubricated and Greasy		0.072
Paper	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry out	0.20
Phosphor-statuary	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.35
Platinum	Platinum	Make clean and Dry	1.two
Platinum	Platinum	Lubricated and Greasy	0.25
Plexiglas	Plexiglas	Clean and Dry	0.8
Plexiglas	Plexiglas	Lubricated and Greasy	0.eight
Plexiglas	Steel	Clean and Dry out	0.four - 0.5
Plexiglas	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.iv - 0.five
Polystyrene	Polystyrene	Clean and Dry	0.5
Polystyrene	Polystyrene	Lubricated and Greasy	0.5
Polystyrene	Steel	Clean and Dry out	0.3 - 0.35
Polystyrene	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.3 - 0.35
Polyethylene	Polytehylene	Make clean and Dry	0.two
Polyethylene	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.2
Polyethylene	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.2
Rubber	Rubber	Clean and Dry	one.16
Condom	Cardboard	Clean and Dry	0.5 - 0.eight
Prophylactic	Dry Cobblestone	Clean and Dry out	0.nine	0.5 - 0.8
Rubber	Wet Asphalt	Make clean and Dry		0.25 - 0.75
Rubber	Dry Physical	Make clean and Dry		0.vi - 0.85
Rubber	Wet Concrete	Make clean and Dry out		0.45 - 0.75
Silk	Silk	Clean	0.25
Silverish	Silver	Clean and Dry	1.4
Silver	Silver	Lubricated and Greasy	0.55
Sapphire	Sapphire	Clean and Dry	0.two
Sapphire	Sapphire	Lubricated and Greasy	0.2
Silver	Silver	Clean and Dry	one.4
Silver	Silverish	Lubricated and Greasy	0.55
Skin	Metals	Clean and Dry	0.8 - 1.0
Steel	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.5 - 0.8	0.42
Steel	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.16
Steel	Steel	Castor oil	0.fifteen	0.081
Steel	Steel	Stearic Acrid		0.15
Steel	Steel	Light mineral oil	0.23
Steel	Steel	Lard	0.11	0.084
Steel	Steel	Graphite		0.058
Steel	Graphite	Clean and Dry	0.21
Straw Fiber	Cast Iron	Clean and Dry	0.26
Straw Fiber	Aluminum	Make clean and Dry out	0.27
Tarred cobweb	Cast Atomic number 26	Clean and Dry	0.fifteen
Tarred fiber	Aluminum	Clean and Dry	0.18
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Teflon)	Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Clean and Dry out	0.04	0.04
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Lubricated and Greasy	0.04
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.05 - 0.two
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Snow	Wet 0oC	0.05
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)	Snow	Dry out 0oC	0.02
Tungsten Carbide	Steel	Clean and Dry	0.4 - 0.6
Tungsten Carbide	Steel	Lubricated and Greasy	0.1 - 0.2
Tungsten Carbide	Tungsten Carbide	Make clean and Dry	0.2 - 0.25
Tungsten Carbide	Tungsten Carbide	Lubricated and Greasy	0.12
Tungsten Carbide	Copper	Clean and Dry out	0.35
Tungsten Carbide	Iron	Clean and Dry	0.8
Tin	Cast Iron	Make clean and Dry		0.32
Tire, dry	Road, dry	Clean and Dry	1
Tire, wet	Road, wet	Clean and Dry out	0.two
Wax, ski	Snow	Moisture 0oC	0.one
Wax, ski	Snow	Dry 0oC	0.04
Wax, ski	Snow	Dry out -10oC	0.2
Woods	Clean Forest	Clean and Dry	0.25 - 0.5
Wood	Wet Woods	Make clean and Dry	0.ii
Forest	Clean Metal	Clean and Dry	0.ii - 0.six
Wood	Moisture Metals	Clean and Dry	0.2
Wood	Stone	Make clean and Dry	0.2 - 0.4
Forest	Physical	Clean and Dry	0.62
Forest	Brick	Clean and Dry	0.6
Wood - waxed	Wet snow	Clean and Dry out	0.14	0.one
Forest - waxed	Dry snow	Clean and Dry		0.04
Zinc	Cast Iron	Make clean and Dry	0.85	0.21
Zinc	Zinc	Make clean and Dry	0.half dozen
Zinc	Zinc	Lubricated and Greasy	0.04

Kinetic or sliding frictional coefficient only when there is a relative motion between the surfaces.

Note! It is unremarkably thought that the static coefficients of friction are higher than the dynamic or kinetic values. This is a very simplistic statement and quite misleading for brake materials. With many restriction materials the dynamic coefficient of friction quoted is an "average" value when the material is subject to a range of sliding speeds, surface pressures and most importantly operating temperatures. If the static situation is considered at the aforementioned pressure level, only at ambient temperature, then the static coefficient of friction is oftentimes significantly LOWER than the average quoted dynamic value. Information technology can be every bit low as 40 - fifty% of the quoted dynamic value.

Kinetic (Sliding) versus Static Frictional Coefficients

Kinetic or sliding frictional coefficients are used with relative move betwixt objects. Static frictional coefficients are used for objects without relative motion. Note that static coefficients are somewhat higher than the kinetic or sliding coefficients. More forcefulness are required to start a move

Example - Friction Force

A 100 lb wooden crate is pushed across a concrete floor. The friction coefficient betwixt the object and the surface is 0.62. The friction strength can be calculated as

F_f = 0.62 (100 lb)

   = 62 (lb)

• 1 lb = 0.4536 kg

Example - Car, Braking, Friction Force and Required Distance to Stop

A automobile with mass 2000 kg drives with speed 100 km/h on a wet road with friction coefficient 0.2.

Note! - The friction work required to end the car is equal to the kinetic free energy of the auto.

The kinetic energy of the car is

East_kinetic = 1/2 g v²                           (iv)

where

E_kinetic = kinetic energy of the moving car (J)

m = mass (kg)

v = velocity (one thousand/southward)

E_kinetic = 1/two (2000 kg) ((100 km/h) (one thousand m/km) / (3600 due south/h))²

  = 771605 J

The friction work (free energy) to finish the car can be expressed as

W_friction = F_f d                                (5)

where

W_friction = friction work to stop the automobile (J)

F_f = friction force (Due north)

d = braking (stopping) altitude (k)

Since the kinetic free energy of the car is converted to friction energy (piece of work) - we have the expression

E_kinetic = Due west_friction                              (6)

The friction force F_f can be calculated from (three)

F_f = μ m g

   = 0.two (2000 kg) (9.81 m/s²)

   = 3924 Northward

The stop altitude for the automobile can be calculated by modifying (five) to

d = W_friction / F_f

  = (771605 J) / (3924 N)

  = 197 yard

Note! - since the mass of the motorcar is nowadays on both sides of eq. 6 it cancels out. The finish distance is non dependent on the mass of the machine.

"Laws of Friction"

Unlubricated Dry out Surfaces

1. for low pressure the friction is proportional to the normal strength betwixt the surfaces. With rising pressure the friction will not ascent proportionally. With extreme pressure friction will rise and surfaces seize.
2. at moderate force per unit area the friction force - and coefficient - is not dependent of the surface areas in contact as long every bit the normal force is the aforementioned. With farthermost pressure friction will rice and surfaces seize.
3. at very low velocity between the surfaces the friction is independent of the velocity of rubbing. With increased velocity the the friction decrease.

Lubricated Surfaces

1. friction strength is almost independent of force per unit area - normal strength - if the surfaces are flooded with lubricant
2. friction varies with speed at depression force per unit area. At college pressure the minimum friction is at velocity ii ft/s (0.7 m/southward) and friction increases with approximately square root of velocity subsequently.
3. friction varies with temperature
4. for well lubricated surfaces the friction is almost independent of surface textile

Typically steel on steel dry static friction coefficient 0.8 drops to 0.iv when sliding is initiated - and steel on steel lubricated static friction coefficient 0.16 drops to 0.04 when sliding is initiated.

Source: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/friction-coefficients-d_778.html

Posted by: hughtitheivelt.blogspot.com

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